The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a global infrastructure development strategy adopted by the Chinese government in 2013. China provides loans to states to build roads, ports, and other infrastructure useful for global trade and sometimes made in exchange for economic deals. BRI has been extremely controversial and opinions on it has been divided in the EU. Recently, China made an agreement with Italy, and is the first "major developed economy" in the EU to sign the BRI. Today, a total of 18 EU countries had signed onto BRI.

Retrospective representation is the act of including marginalized groups in the re-adaptation of pieces of fiction/stories/art. For instance, in the the novel Bridgerton, producers and writers of the Netflix adaptation used the novel which was an all-white cast in Regency era London set in the 1800s and changed its contents in the tv show to include a large Black cast of actors to replace the original white characters written.